When was under god inserted

On July 30, , the USS Indianapolis is torpedoed by a Japanese submarine and sinks within minutes in shark-infested waters. Only of the 1, men on board survived. However, the Indianapolis had already completed its major mission: the delivery of key components of the Under coercion from the U. Supreme Court, President Richard M. Nixon releases subpoenaed White House recordings—suspected to prove his guilt in the Watergate scandal—to special prosecutor Leon Jaworski.

The same day, the House Judiciary Committee voted a third article of Earlier that year, the London Company, which had established the Jamestown settlement 12 years before, directed Virginia Governor Sir On July 30, , President Lyndon B. Johnson signs Medicare, a health insurance program for elderly Americans, into law.

Hitler had feared that such a turn of events was possible, if not probable. But he was restive in the ministry and, in , accepted a job from one of his Boston congregants, Daniel S.

Ford, principal owner and editor of the Youth's Companion , a family magazine with half a million subscribers. Assigned to the magazine's promotions department, the year-old Bellamy set to work arranging a patriotic program for schools around the country to coincide with opening ceremonies for the Columbian Exposition in October , the th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World.

Bellamy successfully lobbied Congress for a resolution endorsing the school ceremony, and he helped convince President Benjamin Harrison to issue a proclamation declaring a Columbus Day holiday.

A key element of the commemorative program was to be a new salute to the flag for schoolchildren to recite in unison. But as the deadline for writing the salute approached, it remained undone.

The idea was in part a response to the Civil War, a crisis of loyalty still fresh in the national memory. As Bellamy sat down at his desk, the opening words—"I pledge allegiance to my flag"—tumbled onto paper. Then, after two hours of "arduous mental labor," as he described it, he produced a succinct and rhythmic tribute very close to the one we know today: I pledge allegiance to my flag and the Republic for which it stands—one Nation indivisible—with liberty and justice for all.

Bellamy later added the "to" before "the Republic" for better cadence. Millions of schoolchildren nationwide took part in the Columbus Day ceremony, according to the Youth's Companion. Bellamy said he heard the pledge for the first time that day, October 21, when "4, high school boys in Boston roared it out together. But no sooner had the pledge taken root in schools than the fiddling with it began. In , a National Flag Conference, presided over by the American Legion and the Daughters of the American Revolution, ordained that "my flag" should be changed to "the flag of the United States," lest immigrant children be unclear just which flag they were saluting.

The following year, the Flag Conference refined the phrase further, adding "of America. In , the pledge's 50th anniversary, Congress adopted it as part of a national flag code. By then, the salute had already acquired a powerful institutional role, with some state legislatures obligating public school students to recite it each school day. But individuals and groups challenged the laws.

A story announcing the news in the Washington Post quoted him as saying the new version would add "spiritual weapons which will forever be our country's most powerful resource. Naturally, in a nation with growing diversity of religions, "under God" has proven a polarizing phrase. Separation of church and state also factors into the politicized discussion. The man must have loved his new religion. For you. World globe An icon of the world globe, indicating different international options.

Get the Insider App. Click here to learn more. A leading-edge research firm focused on digital transformation. Good Subscriber Account active since Shortcuts. Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders. It often indicates a user profile. Log out.