Why is reduction division another name for meiosis

It's a flip of the coin. But this happens independently for each trait, so just because you got your dad's brown eyes doesn't mean you'll get his blond hair too. This shuffling process is known as recombination or "crossing over" and occurs while the chromome pairs are lined up in Metaphase I. In Metaphase I, homologous chromosome pairs line up. Homologous chromosomes can exchange parts in a process called "crossing over.

Purpose : Meiosis is a special version of cell division that occurs only in the testes and ovaries; the organs that produce the male and female reproductive cells; the sperm and eggs. Why is this different? Ordinary body cells have a complete set of chromosomes. During anaphase I, the microtubules disassemble and contract; this, in turn, separates the homologous chromosomes such that the two chromosomes in each pair are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell Figure 3.

This separation means that each of the daughter cells that results from meiosis I will have half the number of chromosomes of the original parent cell after interphase. Also, the sister chromatids in each chromosome still remain connected. As a result, each chromosome maintains its X-shaped structure. Telophase I. Figure 4: Telophase I results in the production of two nonidentical daughter cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes of the original parent cell.

As the new chromosomes reach the spindle during telophase I , the cytoplasm organizes itself and divides in two. There are now two cells, and each cell contains half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. In addition, the two daughter cells are not genetically identical to each other because of the recombination that occurred during prophase I Figure 4. At this point, the first division of meiosis is complete. The cell now rests for a bit before beginning the second meiotic division.

During this period, called interkinesis , the nuclear membrane in each of the two cells reforms around the chromosomes. In some cells, the spindle also disintegrates and the chromosomes relax although most often, the spindle remains intact. It is important to note, however, that no chromosomal duplication occurs during this stage.

What happens during meiosis II? Prophase II. As prophase II begins, the chromosomes once again condense into tight structures, and the nuclear membrane disintegrates. In addition, if the spindle was disassembled during interkinesis, it reforms at this point in time. Metaphase II. Figure 5: During metaphase II, the chromosomes align along the cell's equatorial plate. The events of metaphase II are similar to those of mitotic metaphase — in both processes, the chromosomes line up along the cell's equatorial plate, also called the metaphase plate, in preparation for their eventual separation Figure 5.

Anaphase II. Figure 6: Anaphase II involves separation of the sister chromatids. During anaphase II , microtubules from each spindle attach to each sister chromatid at the kinetochore.

The sister chromatids then separate, and the microtubules pull them to opposite poles of the cell. As in mitosis, each chromatid is now considered a separate chromosome Figure 6. This means that the cells that result from meiosis II will have the same number of chromosomes as the "parent" cells that entered meiosis II. Telophase II. Figure 7: Telophase II results in the production of four daughter cells. Finally, in telophase II , nuclear membranes reform around the newly separated chromosomes, which relax and fade from view.

As soon as the cytoplasm divides, meiosis is complete. How many chromosomes are present in telophase ii? Why does nondisjunction cause mutation? How does aneuploidy differ from polyploidy? What is aneuploidy? How does trisomy 18 affect a person? What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? We could talk until we're blue in the face about this quiz on words for the color "blue," but we think you should take the quiz and find out if you're a whiz at these colorful terms.

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